Comparative analysis of abiotic stress associated microRNAs in crops

MicroRNAs are 20-24nt RNA molecules that regulate target gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. Recent studies indicate that microRNAs play important roles in plant response to abiotic stresses. Using second generation sequencing technology, we profiled small RNA expression in several crops that grew under control and stress conditions, which led to the discovery of hundreds of novel miRNAs in each species. We compared the expression of these miRNAs in different growth conditions as well as different species, and inferred their conservation, gain and loss, and functional diversification. Our results indicate that microRNAs are an important player in plant adaptation and valuable resources for crop improvement.