The Whole Genome Sequencing of Brassica oleracea and Evolutionary Analysis of Duplicated Genes in Brassiceae

Most of plants experienced genome doubling which resulted in their polyploid nature of genomes. Probable polyploidy events are ζ_{angio+gymno sperm}, ε_angiosperm, (σ, ρ)_monocots, γ_{core eudicots}, (β, α) _crucifer which occurred about 319 to 35 millions year ago. Thus besides neo-polyploids originated from genomes doubled or triplicated by hybridization, the crops commonly considered as diploidy, such as rice, maize and soybean, are actually polyploid origination with such one or more doubling events. Plant genomes also evolve many tandem duplicated genes. However, the question how the duplicated genes evolve are largely not addressed. Brassica napus, B. oleracea and B. rapa are important crops worldwide. B. napus (oilseed rape) originates from natural hybridization between B. oleracea and B. rapa whose genomes originated from triplication of an ancestral genome as well as ancient polyploidy events shared with Arabidopsis. Understanding of the genomes and evolution of duplicated genes are of significance for genetic improvement of these crops. In this report, we briefly present assembly and features of B. oleracea genome, and then focus on evolution of duplicated genes in comparison with B. rapa and A. thaliana. (The members of the Consortium: Oil Crops Research Institute of CAAS; Institute of Vegetable and Flower of CAAS; BGI-Shenzhen, China; Huazhong Agricultural University, China; John Inner Center, UK; Purdue University, USA; University of Georgia, USA; University of Queensland, Australia; AAFC Saskatoon Research Center, Canada; Plant Biotechnology Institute, Canada; URGV-Plant Genome Research, France; Southern Cross University, Australia; University of Missouri, USA; Hunan Agricultural University, China; Southwest University, China)